Chemistry in Everyday Life Online Mock Test Class 12 Chemistry

Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis and other allergies. H₁ antagonists, also called H₁ blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H₁ receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions. desloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, hydroxyzine, promethazine, phenyltoloxamine, orphenadrine, tripelennamine,

H₁ antagonists/inverse agonists

• Acrivastine
• Azelastine
• Bilastine
• Bromodiphenhydramine
• Brompheniramine
• Buclizine
• Carbinoxamine
• Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
• Chlorodiphenhydramine
• Chlorpheniramine
• Chlorpromazine (antipsychotic, also used as an antiemetic)
• Clemastine
• Cyclizine
• Cyproheptadine
• Desloratadine
• Dexbrompheniramine
• Dexchlorpheniramine
• Dimenhydrinate (most commonly used as an antiemetic)
• Dimetindene
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Doxylamine (most commonly used as an over-the-counter drug sedative)
• Ebastine
• Embramine
• Fexofenadine (Allegra/Telfast)
• Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
• Levocabastine (Livostin/Livocab)
• Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
• Loratadine (Claritin)
• Meclizine (most commonly used as an antiemetic)
• Mirtazapine (primarily used to treat depression, also has antiemetic and appetite-stimulating effects)
• Olopatadine (used locally)
• Orphenadrine (a close relative of diphenhydramine used mainly as a skeletal muscle relaxant and anti-Parkinsons agent)
• Phenindamine
• Pheniramine
• Phenyltoloxamine
• Promethazine
• Pyrilamine (crosses the blood–brain barrier; produces drowsiness)
• Quetiapine (antipsychotic; trade name Seroquel)
• Rupatadine (Alergoliber)
• Trazodone (SARI antidepressant/anxiolytic/hypnotic with mild H₁ blockade action)
• Tripelennamine
• Triprolidine

salvarsan (also known as arsphenamine) is an organoarsenic. It was the primary treatment for syphilis from its discovery by Drs. Sahachirō Hata and Paul Ehrlich in 1910

Vat dyes can applied directly on fibre and are generally insoluble in water. These can be used only on cotton but can not be used on silk and wool. In this case dying is a continuous process and is carried out in a large vessel called vat. For this reason these dyes are Known as vat dyes, indigo is an example of vat dyes.

(B) The advantage of using phosphates in a consumer laundry detergent or dishwashing detergent is that they make detergents more efficient by chelating calcium and magnesium ions.

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is the oxidant that is used as an antiseptic

12 B Oxytocin is a hormone that acts on organs in the body (including the breast and uterus) and as a chemical messenger in the brain, controlling key aspects of the reproductive system, including childbirth and lactation, and aspects of human behaviour.

Tincture of iodine, iodine tincture, or weak iodine solution is an antiseptic. It is usually 2–7% elemental iodine, along with potassium iodide or sodium iodide, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and water. Tincture solutions are characterized by the presence of alcohol.

2-acetoxybenzoic acid is used as an antipyretic, which is a medicine that lowers fever. 2-acetoxybenzoic acid is the chemical name for aspirin

Answer: (a) Methyl salicylate is also known as oil of winter green is used as medicine in iodex for treatment of rheumatic pains and remedy for aches,sprains and bruises.

Answer: (c) magnesium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide, sodium citrate, magnesium trisilicate,

• H2 blockers such as cimetidine/ranitidine and proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole
• aluminum-magnesium hydroxide,aluminum hydrox-magnesium carb,dihydroxyaluminum sod carb,alum-mag hydroxide
• Effervescent antacids may also contain aspirin, sodium carbonate, or tartaric acid, citric acid

Answer: (a) Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and for the treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or for surgical anesthesia.

• nonbenzodiazepines
• benzodiazepines
• such as barbiturates [ luminal, ……..]
• quinazolinones
• Antidepressants: Trazodone, Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Trimipramine, Mianserin, Mirtazapine.
• Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine, Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, Zotepine

(b) Interferons are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.

Answer: (a); Disinfectants are chemical agents designed to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces. Disinfectants work by destroying the cell wall of microbes or interfering with their metabolism. It is also a form of decontamination, and can be defined as the process whereby physical or chemical methods are used to reduce the amount of pathogenic microorganisms on a surface. Disinfectants are frequently used in hospitals, dental surgeries, kitchens, and bathrooms to kill infectious organisms. Sanitizers/ antiseptic are mild compared to disinfectants and are used majorly to clean things which are in human contact whereas disinfectants are concentrated and are used to clean surfaces like floors and building premises.

• Glycols are effective air disinfectants in controlled laboratory environments.
• Alcohol and alcohol plus Quaternary ammonium cation based compounds comprise a class of proven surface sanitizers and disinfectants
• Aldehydes, such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, have a wide microbicidal activity and are sporicidal and fungicidal.
• Oxidizing agents act by oxidizing the cell membrane of microorganisms, which results in a loss of structure and leads to cell lysis and death. A large number of disinfectants operate in this way. chlorine water, high voltage electrolyzed water, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)
• Peroxycarboxylic acids and inorganic peroxo acids are strong oxidants and extremely effective disinfectants. Peroxyformic acid, Peracetic acid, Peroxypropionic acid, Monoperoxyglutaric acid. Monoperoxysuccinic acid, Peroxybenzoic acid, Peroxyanisic acid, Chloroperbenzoic acid, Monoperoxyphthalic acid, Peroxymonosulfuric acid
• Phenolics are active ingredients in some household disinfectants. o-Phenylphenol, Chloroxylenol, Hexachlorophene Thymol, Amylmetacresol, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl
• chlorine compound
• iodine
• acide and bases