Class 12 Chemistry Chapter Wise Notes PDF Download 2025

Here is a topic-wise summary of the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry notes:

Chapter 1 The Solid State

This chapter explain the nature of solids, focusing on their structures and properties. Key topics include unit cells, types of lattices, and crystal systems. It covers the classification of solids into ionic, covalent, molecular, and metallic types. The chapter also discusses imperfections in solids and their effects on material properties.

Chapter 2 Solutions

The chapter covers the nature of solutions, including the types (saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated) and concentration units such as molarity and molality. It discusses colligative properties, including boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure, explaining how solute concentration affects these properties.

Chapter 3 Electrochemistry

This chapter focuses on electrochemical cells and their functioning. It covers redox reactions, galvanic cells, electrolytic cells, and standard electrode potentials. Key concepts include Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, and the application of electrochemistry in real-life scenarios like batteries and electroplating.

Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Kinetics deals with the study of reaction rates and factors influencing them. Topics include the rate of reaction, order of reaction, rate laws, and the Arrhenius equation. The chapter explores how factors like temperature, concentration, and catalysts affect reaction rates.

Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry

Surface Chemistry examines phenomena at surfaces and interfaces, such as adsorption, catalysis, and colloidal systems. It includes the study of adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir), and the properties and types of colloids, including sols, gels, and emulsions.

Chapter 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

This chapter outlines the general methods for extracting metals from their ores. It covers principles of metallurgy, including ore concentration, extraction methods (pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy), and refining processes.

Chapter 7 The p-Block Elements

The p-Block Elements chapter covers the chemistry of elements in groups 13 to 18 of the periodic table. It includes the properties, reactions, and uses of these elements and their compounds, such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens.

Chapter 8 The d-and f-Block Elements

This chapter explain the properties and reactions of transition metals (d-block) and inner transition metals (f-block). It includes discussions on electronic configurations, oxidation states, color, and magnetic properties, as well as the formation and significance of complex compounds.

Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds

Coordination Compounds discusses the structure and bonding of coordination complexes. It covers coordination number, types of ligands, nomenclature, VSEPR theory, and isomerism in coordination compounds.

Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

This chapter investigates the properties and reactions of haloalkanes (alkyl halides) and haloarenes (aryl halides). It discusses their methods of preparation, mechanisms of substitution and elimination reactions, and their applications in organic synthesis.

Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

This chapter covers the properties and reactions of alcohols, phenols, and ethers. It includes discussions on their preparation, chemical behavior, and uses in various chemical processes and industries.

Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

This chapter focuses on the chemistry of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. It includes their preparation, reactions, and important tests for their identification. The chapter also explores their roles in organic synthesis and their applications.

Chapter 13 Amines

Amines are discussed in this chapter, including their classification, preparation, and reactions. It covers the properties of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and their use in various chemical processes.

Chapter 14 Biomolecules

This chapter covers the chemistry of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It explores their structures, functions, and roles in biological systems.

Chapter 15 Polymers

The Polymers chapter explain the types, properties, and methods of polymerization. It includes discussions on addition and condensation polymers, as well as their applications in various industries.

Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

This chapter examines the role of chemistry in daily life. It covers the chemistry behind everyday products and processes, including pharmaceuticals, detergents, and food additives, and their impact on health and the environment.

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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry notes offer several benefits for students preparing for their board exams and competitive exams like JEE, NEET, and others. Here are some key advantages:

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